AN APPRASIAL OF THE IMPACT OF WORK ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
With the existence of a conducive and comfortable work environment, will create enthusiasm from
employees in work and will improve performance and work discipline in each his job. Comfortable
work environment, adequate facilities, and good employee relations. Will affect employee
performance. When employees feel comfortable with the environment in which they work will
certainly bring them to be more disciplined and can improve their performance in achieving the
goals of the company/agency. The purpose of this study is to find out (1) the influence of the work
environment on employee performance (2) the influence of the work environment on work
discipline (3) work discipline mediates the influence of the work environment on employee
performance.
This research uses a quantitative approach that is useful for researching the population and samples
within a company, where in this study using proportional random sampling as a sampling
techniques. The population in this study amounted to 208 employees. And a sample of 137
respondents from PT. GatraMapan. Methods of research data collection used questionnaires. Data
analyzed with Path Analysis. The results of this study prove that work discipline is able to mediate
the influence of the work environment on employee performance.
- Introduction
Parlinda and Wahyuddin (2001) described the success or failure of a company in achieving its
objectives depends on its HR. PT. GatraMapan is one of the companies engaged in manufacturing
products furniture entertainment. In general, its activities include the design, production and
marketing processes. In maintaining and improving the performance of its employees in order to
have a positive impact on the company, of course, they must pay more attention to the factors that
can affect the performance of their employees such as work discipline and a conducive work
environment.
Work discipline according to Veithzal (2006: 444) is a tool used by managers to communicate
with employees so that they are willing to change behavior and as an effort to increase one’s
awareness and willingness to comply with all company regulations and applicable norms.
According to Fathoni (2006: 126) discipline is a person’s awareness and willingness to obey all
company regulations.
In addition to work discipline, the work environment is also one of the factors that can affect
employee performance. A good working environment will make employees feel comfortable at
work. Convenience will certainly have an impact on improving employee performance.
Conversely, the inconvenience of the work environment experienced by employees can be fatal,
namely the decline in the performance of the employee itself (Susilaningsih, 2013).
According to Veithzal (2006: 309) performance is a very important thing in the company’s efforts
to achieve its goals. According to Bintoro and Daryanto (2017) performance is the result of work
in quality and quantity achieved by an employee in carrying out his duties in accordance with the
responsibilities given to him.
Dessler (2000: 41) stated employee performance is a comparison between work results with
standards and those set. While the performance of employees according to (Simamora, 2005: 339)
basically refers to the level of achievement of the tasks that make up an employee’s work.
Performance reflects how well the employee meets the requirements of a job.
The research conducted by Liyas and Reza (2017) explains that there is an influence of work
discipline on employee performance. Rivky’s research, et al. (2015) also shows that work
discipline has a significant effect on employee performance.
Budianto and Amelia (2015) the results of the study show that the work environment found in the
company can have a positive and significant influence on employee performance. Hermawan et
al. (2018) the results of the study show that the work environment has a direct and positive effect
on discipline.
Kholil, et al. (2014) the results of the study stated that work environment variables simultaneously
influence employee performance. However, Logahan’s research (2012) shows the results of
research that the work environment does not have a significant effect on employee performance.
From the various contradictions that have been presented before, this study aims to find out
whether the work environment can affect employee performance through work discipline.
PT. Gatra Mapan working hours have been determined, either for five working days or six working
days according to what is stipulated in the book “Collective Labor Agreement (PKB). But in reality
there are some employees who still behave disobediently working hours and regulations that have
been set. For example, going home early due to permission to mourn half a day and not returning
to the company, arriving late at the company, there were still employees who were absent without
information, and throwing cigarette butts in the area of the company or not throwing them in place.
This shows that there is still a lack of employee awareness of the importance of work discipline
and the rules that apply in work.
Based on the observations obtained, it can be concluded that in general the physical condition of
PT. Gatra Mapan can be said to be good, although there are still some office spatial plans that are
not good or not neatly arranged, for example with the size of office space that is not too wide, so
the layout between one table and another is not too far (close). In addition to the coloring of the
room there are still some that do not match the color that should be.
- Literature Review
Sedarmayanti (2001) states that broadly the type of work environment is divided into 2 namely:
Physical and non-physical work environments. The explanation of the physical work environment,
namely, all physical conditions that are around the workplace that can affect the performance of
employees both directly and indirectly.
While the non-physical work environment all the conditions that occur are related to work
relationships, both with supervisor relationships and with coworkers’ relationships or with
relationships with subordinates.
According to Moeheriono (2009: 60) performance is a description of the level of achievement of
the implementation of an activity program or policy in realizing the goals, objectives, vision and
mission of the organization as outlined through the strategic planning of an organization.
Understanding performance is the result of work in quality and quantity achieved by an employee
in carrying out its functions in accordance with the responsibilities given to him (Mangkunegara,
2007: 9).
Wirawan (2009: 6) explained there are 3 factors that affect the performance of an employee,
namely internal organizational environmental factors, organizational external environmental
factors and employee internal factors.
Tohardi (2002), discipline is the driving force of employees. In order for each work to run
smoothly, it must be endeavored so that there is good discipline. the work environment can be
interpreted as the influencing forces, both directly and indirectly to the performance of an
organization or company.
Fathoni (2006: 126) discipline is a person’s awareness and willingness to obey all company
regulations. Mangkunegara (2005: 129) states that there are 2 forms of work discipline, namely
preventive work discipline, and corrective work discipline.
Effect of the Work Environment on Employee Performance
According to Bambang (1991) the work environment is one of the factors that influence the
performance of an employee. The research conducted by (Ali, 2015) states that the results of the
research show that the work environment in the agency can have a positive and significant
influence on employee performance. Budianto and Amelia (2015) state that the work environment
influences employee performance.
