AN EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF THE UNIVERSITY MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
ABSTRACT
In the initial stages of its development, management information systems (MIS) main purpose and usage was to improve the efficiency of school office activities. It was used to store student and personnel data. The most concern was being focused on data entry and collation, rather than upon data transfer or analysis. The value of management information was recognized during its integration stages. Overall review of literature highlighted positive impact of MIS on school administration and management including better accessibility to information, more efficient administration, higher utilization of school resources, reduction in workload, better time management, and improvement in the quality of reports. A number of inhibitors to MIS use are evident in the literature; foremost among these are lack of time, lack of confidence or skills, lack of training, lack of senior management support, and lack of technical support. MIS can provide administrators and teachers with the information required for informed planning, policy-making, and evaluation. MIS have changed school management in the areas of leadership, decision making, workload, human resource management, communication, responsibility, and planning. These systems can assist the school manager in determining the aims of the school, formulating strategic plans, distributing resources, and evaluating staff performance as well as organizational success. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACK GROUND OF THE STUDY
The scientific revaluation in the communication and information make a comprehensive change in the life and business, which affect the ways that the governments provided its services to populations. Which also affect the future of the nations? The new technology helps to reduce managerial cost and human cost and make the work more accurate and faster; which make the governments go to the electronic governments. Form this point the role of (MIS) management information system is to manage the data, organizing, retrieving of the information which help the organization to provide services faster, and market more accurate and easier, which affect also the level of performance. From this point the importance of this study the effect of MIS on the performance of governmental organizations comes.
1.2 IMPORTANCE OF STUDY
The importance of the study comes from the importance of management information systems on the performance of the governmental organizations, and its role in providing the appropriate data and information both internally and externally in order to support management function, giving advanced solutions for managers, helping administrators to take correct decision in a large margin, improve the administrative level in governmental organizations. 2. Problem of the study We can summarize the problem of the study in the main question: what is the impact of MIS on the performance of governmental organization? We can subdivide the main question into the following questions: 1) What are the impacts of Hardwar and software equipment on the performance of governmental organizations? The Special Issue on Business, Humanities and Social Science © Center for Promoting Ideas, USA www.ijbssnet.com 102 2) What is the impact of computers networks used at the Ministry on the performance of governmental organizations? 3) What are the impacts of human resources and procedures on the performance of governmental organizations?
1.3. STUDY OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to determine the role played by the MIS in governmental organizations and how they affect the performance of the employee. We can determine the following goals: 1) Determine the level of the information systems that used in governmental organizations. 2) Determine the level of performance in governmental organizations. 3) Determine the role of MIS on the performance of the employee in governmental organizations.
1.4 HYPOTHESIS AND STUDY MODEL
To answer the questions, the research depends on the following main hypothesis: There is a significant effect at the level of ( ) of MIS on the performance of governmental organizations. The main hypothesis subdivided into the following Assumptions: Hypothesis1: there is a significant effect of equipment’s and software on the performance of governmental organizations. Hypothesis2: there is a significant effect of networks within the organization on the performance of governmental organizations. Hypothesis 3: there is a significant effect of individuals and procedures on the performance of the governmental organizations.
1.5 PREVIOUS RESEARCH
Robert, David and Lori (2007) in their study they tried to clarify the impact of information technology on individual and firm marketing performance, a theoretical model is presented linking organization and end user traits, information quality, system ∕service quality, industry traits and tasks performed using a system to perception of organizational performance impact through ease of system use, perceived individual performance impact, attitudes toward using the system, and system use. The results indicate that measures of organizational traits, individual traits, information quality, system ∕service quality, industry traits and tasks performed using the system impact perceived performance of the marketing organization mediated individual performance impact, attitudes toward using the system, and system use. Kasasbeh (2007) study “The role of information technology in improving corporate performance: A Case Study Jordanian Free Zones Corporation”: This study aimed to determine the role of information technology in improving the efficiency of the performance of the Free Zones Corporation Jordan during the period 1996 – 2005, The study found the following results: Received an improvement in all elements of information technology, with the difference in the rates of improvement, No significant correlation between the size of the investment, hardware, software, and workers in the field of information technology with all the effectiveness of the institutional performance indicators except for the goal of return on cost. No impact for each of the size of the investment, hardware, software, and workers in the field of information technology at all effective institutional performance indicators except for the goal of return on cost.
1.6 LITERATURE REVIEW
Management information system What is MIS? MIS stands for management information system, which we define as the development and use of information system that help businesses achieve their goals and objective. This definition has three key elements: development and use, information system, and business goals and objectives (kroenke, 2011). A system is a group of component that interact to achieve some purpose, an information system (IS) is a group of component that interact to produce information. A model of the components of an information system: computer hardware, software, data, procedures and people (kroenke, 2011). These five component are present in every information system, for example, when you use a computer to write a report, you are using hardware (the computer, storage disk, keyboard, and monitor), software (word, or other word-processing program), data (the words, sentences, and paragraphs), procedures (the methods you use to start the program to enter, save and back up), and people (you). What is information? Information is knowledge derived from data, whereas data is defined as recorded fact or figures (kroenke, 2011). Turban mentions some characteristics of information quality (Turban and Volonino, 2010): Accurate: correct and complete data.· Timely: produced in time for its intended use.· Relevant: both to context and to subject.· Sufficient: for the purpose for which it is generated.· Worth its cost: an appropriate relationship must exist between the cost of the information and its value.· Information technology and information system Information technology and information system are two closely terms, but they are different. Information technology (IT) refer to the products, methods, inventions, and standards that are used for the purpose of producing information, IT pertains to the hardware, software, and data components, Whereas information system (IS) is an assembly of hardware, software, data, procedures, and people that produces information (Laudon, 2013). The Special Issue on Business, Humanities and Social Science © Center for Promoting Ideas, USA www.ijbssnet.com 104 6.2. Performance management Performance management is a systematic process for improving organizational performance by developing the performance of individuals and teams. It is a means of getting better results by understanding and managing performance within an agreed framework of planned goals, standard and competency requirements. (Armstrong, 2009) Performance management is much more than appraising individuals. It contributes to the achievement of culture change and it is integrated with other key HR activities, especially human capital management, talent management, learning and development and reward management. Performance management is a process for establishing shared understanding about what is to be achieved and how it is to be achieved, and an approach to managing and developing people that improves individual, team and organizational performance (Armstrong, 2009). More specifically performance management is concerned with: aligning individual objectives to organizational objectives and encouraging individuals to uphold· corporate core values; enabling expectations to be defined and agreed in terms of role responsibilities and accountabilities· (expected to do), skills (expected to have) and behaviours (expected to be); providing opportunities for individuals to identify their own goals and develop their skills and· competencies; Motivating people by providing them with recognition and the opportunity to use and develop their skills· and abilities. The overall objective of performance management is to develop and improve the performance of individuals and teams and therefore organizations. It is an instrument that can be used to achieve culture change in the shape of the creation of a high-performance culture. It aims to develop the capacity of people to meet and exceed expectations and to achieve their full potential to the benefit of themselves and the organization. (Armstrong, 2009) 7. Methodology 7-1 Population and sample The target population for this study is the governmental organizations in Jordan, the ministry of planning was chosen as a case study, 89 questionnaires were distributed; the response rate was 86.5% (77 usable responses). 7-2 Data Collection – Secondary data was collected based on the finding of published papers, articles, books, previous, studies, and the World Wide Web. – Primary data collection was carried out using a self- designed questionnaire , This adopted instrument comprises five sections, The first sections covers demographic information (Gender, education, period of working at ministry, Age, job name), The second section contains (7) items measuring the level of availability of computers equipment and software in the ministry , the third sections it contains (5 ) items measuring the availability of computers network inside the ministry, the fourth sections contains (5) items measuring the support and importance of MIS in the ministry and the level of training of employee to use the MIS systems, the fifth sections contains(14) items measuring the performance of employee and uses of MIS in ministry . 7-3 Instrument Validly and Reliability To ensure the face validity of the instrument tool, it was given to seven expert referees from Jordanian Universities. The referees displayed their constructive comments and suggestions, which were taken into consideration. The reliability of data collected instrument was measured using Cronbach alpha coefficient; the reliability test was conducted to check for inter-item correlation in each of the variables in the questionnaire. The closer Cronbach alpha is to one, the higher the internal consistency reliability (Sekaran, 2003). The test results are as follows: Cronbach alpha for Independent Variable = 0.87, Cronbach alpha for dependent Variable = 0.85, Cronbach alpha for over all instruments = 0.89 which approached to the acceptable limit is to design and implement procedures, processes, and routines that provide suitably detailed reports in an accurate, consistent, and timely manner. MIS plays a vital role in the area of decision making as it can monitor by itself disturbances in a system, determine a course of action and take action to get the system in control. It is also relevant in non-programmed decisions as it provides support by supplying information for the search, the analysis, the evaluation and the choice and implementation process of decision making (Obi, 2003). These systems have the ability to provide its users the processed information, analytical models, real-time updates and hypothetical scenarios to assist their decision- making process.
