AN ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP IN AN ORGANIZATION
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Leadership constitute a fundamental factor which contribute to the success and productivity of every organisation.Therefore the role of leaders in ensuring excellent organisational performance can not be over emphasized. Leadership ensures Adequate motivation, suitable work environment, compensation, efficient communication between managers and subordinates play an important role in promoting this goal. Planning
and organisation of work is also very crucial in organisational attainment. Some researchers have argued that the most common problems affecting organisational performance in Nigeria business and other institutions are poor attitude to work among workforce, inefficiency as well as ineffectiveness of leaders in most places, though others share a contrary view. This second school of thought believes that organisations
in Nigeria are manged through leadership styles that are strange to typical Nigerian are managed through leadership styles that are strange to typical Nigerian culture. In the wake-up call to address this issue,
management practitioners in Nigeria have embarked on series of studies
in an attempt to establish the relationship between effective leadership
and organisational performance. Some found out that effective
leadership styles are positively related to organisational performance
while others have a different view. Still there is no empirical evidence to
show how effective leadership styles impacts on organisational
performance. Again given our cultural background, educational
qualifications, environmental factors it is still not too clear how effective a
leader can be if he must combine the three types of leadership styles to
achieve high performance in Organisations Usoro 2000. given this
scenario, this study will be important in that it tries to fill this gap.
The extent (degree) to which all members of an organisation use their
abilities and influences in the effective utilization of resources depends
upon how well the leaders of the organisation understand and perform
their jobs. Maddock and fullton 1998 in Iyang (2006) explain that
leadership styles and other processes of the organisation must be such
that can ensure maximum probability within all interactions and
relationships with the Organisations, each member will in the light of his
background, values and expectation view the expenses as supportive
and one which can build and maintains his sense of personal worth and
importance.
Despite the above, we should note that individuals have their needs to
satisfy and that is why they offered their labours to become
organisational members and the extent to which they are committed to
the organisation depends on the degree of their conviction that their
membership of the organisation will enable them realize their
predetermined objectives. In this case, the support an organisation gets
from the individuals will be based on the realization that by doing that,
his personal objectives and goals will be met, otherwise his interest in
the organisation will wane. Based on that, leadership effectiveness
should be given adequate attention it the organisaiton intends to achieve
it objectives. That is why it is a common agreement among management
scholars that the success or failure of an organisation is largely a
function of leadership and its styles.
Iyang on his part sees effective leadership as a unique ways and
integrating employees with the organisation to achieve its vision or
objectives and that to a large extent the effectiveness of a leader is
largely dependent to the styles adopted by mangers which he says is
central in the management of Organisations. Speaking in the same vein
Edem, observes that failure or success of an organisation, which affect
the subordinates, the customers and agencies within and outside the
organisation. Although there is no standard method through which a
leader can be effective in achieving high performance in an
organisation but that what is required is the modification and the
combination of the variables that make a leader effective if the goals
and objectives of the organisation have to be realized (Edem 2002).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Managing people in Organisations is parts and parcel of management
Process. Therefore, managers should realize, that people are the critical
elements in rganisations and that they should be recognized as being
synonymous with the organisation. But the problem is, to what extent do
managers recognize this fact that employees are synonymous with
Organisations and that they should be adequately motivated so that they
can give their best to ensure high performance? Again the leadership
behaviour/style in most organisations which believe that workers could
be treated anyhow as a result of unemployment situation in the country
which makes job switch difficult has resulted in the hardship workers
face in their places of work in Nigeria. This behaviour/style of leadership
has an impact on reforming and/or creating organisational culture which
in turn affects organisational performance and commitment. So given
this situation, how effective can a leader be to elicit the best response
from subordinates and make for the highest or best performance (Usoro,
2000). Furthermore, some researchers are of the opinion that the most
common problems affecting organisational performance in Nigeria
businesses and other institutions are poor attitude to work among the
workforce, inefficiency and ineffectiveness of leaders in most places,
others still belief that organisations in Nigeria are managed through
leadership styles and behaviours that are strange to typical Nigerian
culture.
In view of the above contending issues, it was necessary to look at
effective leadership and organisational performance in Nigeria using
National Youth services corps Kogi State Secretariat as a case study.
Therefore, this study will be investigating the following.
- To examine the impact of effective leadership on organisational
performance. - To study the effect of leadership behaviour on the
execution/implementation of the programmes of the NYSC in Kogi
State. - To find out the extent to which the management structure of Kogi
State NYSC influences the performance of the organisation. - To suggest recommendations aimed at engendering effective
leadership of the Kogi State NYSC.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The general objective of this study is to examine the impact of effective
leadership on organisational performance. The specific objectives are as
follows:
- To find out the effect of the leadership behaviour on the
execution/implementation of the programmes of the NYSC in Kogi
State. - To examine the extent to which the management str cture of Kogi
State NYSC influences the performance of the organisation. - To suggest recommendations aimed at engendering effective
leadership in Kogi State NYSC.
1.4 Significance of the Study
The significance of any research study lies in the application of its
findings for operational purpose. It is believed that this study will be of
immense importance because the empirical finding will reveal how
effective leadership impacts on organisational performance.
The study among others, seek identify the weaknesses or inadequacies
of various variables of effective leadership. It is the researcher’s belief
that this work through its findings will change the perception of the
National Youth Service Corps Kogi State Secretariat leadership and
other organisation’s leaders about their leadership behaviour and styles.
Scholars and practitioners suggest that effective leadership behaviours
can facilitate the improvement of performance when organisations face
challenges (Avery 2008).
Again, leadership is viewed by some researchers as one of the driving
forces for improving a firm’s performance. That is why effective
leadership is seen as a potent source of management development and
sustained competitive advantage for organisational performance
improvement. This is because leadership helps organisations achieve
their objectives more efficiently by linking job performance to valued
rewards and by ensuring employees have the resources needed to get
the job done.
Another theoretical significance of this study is that when organisations
seek efficient ways to enable them to out perform others, a long standing
approach is to focus on the effects of leadership. This is because team
leaders are believed to play a vital role in shaping collective norms,
helping teams cope with their environments and coordinating collective
action’. The absence of leadership is so dramatic in its effects. Without
leadership, organizations move too slowly, stagnate and lose their way.
If decision making is timely, complete, and correct, than things will go
well, yet a decision by itself changes nothing. After a decision is made,
an organisation faces the problems of implementation – how to get
things done in a timely and effective way. Problems of implementation
are really issues about how leaders influence behaviour, change the
course of events and overcome resistance. Leadership is crucial in
implementing decision successfully. Furthermore, the result of this work
will be of immense benefit to the leadership of Kogi Sate National Youth
Service Corps. As managers of human and material resource, this study
will assist them to understand leadership, managing people and other
resources, harnessing resources both human and material to achieve
organisational goals and objectives and what it takes to achieve
maximum performance through effective leadership.
The result of this study will also help officers in managerial positions to
become conscious of their roles as the propelling force towards
development. It is hoped that the research findings will assist the
Federal, State and Local government Areas especially Kogi State and
the Local Governments in the state on the ways to adopt the right
leadership styles that can support them so that the state secretariat will
achieve its goals and objectives like any other state secretariat will
achieve its goals and objective like any other state secretariat in the
country.
It is also believed that the work will stimulate further interests in future
researches who will be involved in research efforts in the same
organisation. In addition to the above, it will add to already existing
literatures on effective leadership and organisational performance which
will serve as reference materials to scholars and researchers who may
be interested in embarking on a research of this nature.
1.5 Scope of the Study
The scope of the study covers only National Youth Services Corps Kogi
State Secretariat. Thus, the focus of the study is on effective leadership
and organisational performance.
However, to facilitate a sound grasp of the subject matter within the
thought framework of the objectives of the study, the scope of the study
covered such issues as the concept of leadership, the relationship
between effective leadership and organisational performance, leadership
and motivation.
Others include motivation and job performance, leadership effectiveness
and job performance and leadership styles. It also includes
organisational performance, how to measure organisational
performance, leadership and communication, characteristics and
qualities of good leadership and managing subordinates in
organizations.
1.6 Limitation of the Study
In conducting this research project, the work would have been more
thorough if the thirty six States National Youth Service Corps offices in
the country including the National Headquarters were covered. However,
it was difficult to study all the thirty six States National Youth Service
Corps Secretariats due to costs of associated logistics and time
constraints. Owing to these constraints, this study focused on National
Youth Service Corps Kogi State Secretariat alone.
A major limitation to research work in this part of the country is the
inability of the researcher to get the necessary information which could
have made the work richer were not obtained due to the unwillingness of
the officials to give out rich information so the researcher resorted to
getting the little to give out rich information so the researcher resorted to
getting the little he could from the staff of the secretariat. Also, due to
lack of culture of proper record keeping, only very limited data were
gotten by the researcher for this work.
However, inspite of all these limitations and other constraints which may
not be mentioned here, it does not in any way affect the reliability of the
research work for the purpose of reference and its usage by all the
stakeholders in national Youth Services corps especially the Kogi State
Secretariat.
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