AN APPRAISAL OF THE ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH WOUND SEPSISAN

ABSTRACT

The isolation and identification of bacteria associated with  150ml sepsis studies were carried out to 250 patient at National Orthopedic Hospital Enugu. (250) Two hundred and fifty patients with 150ml sepstis was grouped in to in patients and out patients.  The  sample collected are wound pus and wound exudates which were collected from patients with diabetic ulcer, surgery wounds, sickle cell ulcers, gun shot wound, using sterile stent striates to  aspirate the wound exudates and steete swab sticks to swab the wound prof. Population was sampled
According to wound type and noting their differences  sex distributing palternage range (0-2_ years, (3-5_ years (608) years (9-11_ years, (12-14) years, (15-17) years, (18-20) years, and 21 years and above, in sex distribution. (male and female), in predisposing factors and in any other factor affecting it and also their anatibiotic sensitivity pattern.  The samples collected were plated out to on Mac conkey agar, Blood agar, Perory citrate agar (DCA) and further examination was done such as motility test gram staining and some brolhemoceltest like citrate, on and catalyset test foar confirmation.  The results obtained from 250 patients smaples, 199 were positive pathogens and 51 were negative out of which 97 (48.890) were staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus was arecorded as the organism that was the highest prevelence while galmorella species has the lowest prevalence 3(1.5%) In this study.  The sensivity patttern of the isolated organisms results show that pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to more drugs than the staphylococcus aureus and escherichris coli.  Msot organisms were sensitive ato ciprofloxacillin, Amplicillin, Oxfloxacillin,  Erythroylin, Cotrimoxazole.

CHAPTER ONE INTODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

This study thus, aimed at isolating few microbial organisms associated with wound sepsis (Pseudomonas, Klebsiella and Proteus) and to determine their antimicrobial profile to conventional antibiotics and Aloe barbadensis. Materials and methods: Patients were randomly sampled in National Orthopedic Hospital, Enugu, Faith Foundation Mission Hospital, Nsukka and Renaissance Hospital, Nsukka. A total of 40 samples were cultured and identified using standard microbiological methods. Microbial strains isolated were Pseudomonas species, Klebsiella species and Proteus species. The pure isolates were then tested for susceptibility to ciprofloxacin which was used as control and aloe vera gel and leaf extract. Solvent extraction of the leaf was done using standard ethanolic extraction method. Dilutions of 100-6.25 mg/ml of the extract and 100% to 6.25% of the gel were made and were used for antimicrobial test. Result: Both isolates were resistance to aloe vera gel while Pseudomonas and Proteus were susceptible to the ethanol extract mostly at the concentration of 100 mg/ml with inhibition zone diameter (IZD) ranging from 15-20 mm, while Klebsiella isolates were resistant to both the gel and the ethanol extract. Some Klebsiella and Proteus isolates were also resistant to ciprofloxacin while Pseudomonas, Proteus 14, 38 and Klebsiella 24, 34 isolates were susceptible with inhibition zone diameter (IZD) ranging from 18-30 mm. Conclusion and recommendation: In conclusion, aloe vera gel and leaf extract has no antimicrobial properties in vitro based on the outcome of this study. Further studies should be carried out on the use of herbal plants for wound treatment. Keywords: Pseudomonas; Klebsiella; Proteus; Antimicrobial; Microbes; Aloe vera gel; Leaf extract; Aloe barbadensis Introduction Gram-negative infection is a global health concern. Several advances have been registered in the field of intensive care, ventilator support, skin substitution and fluid balance. However, infection has emerged as a major, oіen unmitigated complication especially in burn injury, which incurs significant morbidity, mortality and healthcare cost [1]. Нe unselective and extensive use of antibiotics is highly considered as the major cause of invasive procedures. Accordingly, development of resistance mechanisms either intrinsic or acquired has promoted the rapid development of multiple resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates and other organisms in the clinical settings [2]. Postoperative infections have been found to pose a major problem in the field of surgery for a long time. It is also called Surgical Site Infection (SSI). Mordi and Momo [3] reported the incidence of Proteus species in wound infections and their susceptibility pattern gave results of 26.80% isolation. Seventy isolates (12.5%) were from pathological wounds, 89% were from trauma and 54% from postoperative wounds. Also, 23.6% of P. aeruginosa and 6.61% of Klebsiella species were isolated.

References

1. Robson MC, Sternberg BD, Hergers JP (1990) Wound healing alterations caused by infection. Clinical Plastic Surgery 17: 485-492. 2. Agwunglefah FD, Nwabunike CC, Nwaju PC (2014) Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from surgical wounds of patients attending federal medical centre and christiana specialist hospital, Owerri. J Natural Sci Res 4: 2224-3186. 3. Mordi RM, Momoh MI (2009) Incidence of Proteus species in wound infections and their susceptibility pattern in the university of Benin teaching hospital. Afr J Biotechnol 8: 725-730. 4. Miller CN, Carville K, Newall N (2011) Assessing bacterial burden in wounds: comparing clinical observation and wound swabs. Int Wound J 8: 45-55. 5. Adegoke AA, Tom M, Okoh AI, Jacob S (2010) Studies on multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria isolated from surgical site infection. Science Research Essays 5: 3876-3881. 6. Akerele O (1992) WHO guidelines for the assessment of herbal medicine. Fitoterapia 63: 99-104. 7. Oluyemisi FK, Henry EO, Peter OA (2012) Standardization of herbal medicine: A review. Int J Biodivers Conserv 4: 101-112. 8. Surjushe AR, Vasani R, Saple D (2008) Aloevera: A short review. Indian J Dermatol 53: 163-166. Citation: Anzaku AA, Ezebilo, NV, Akharenegbe P, Onah DO, Balogun O, et al. (2018) Isolation and Identification of Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp. and Proteus spp. Associated with Wound Sepsis and Antimicrobial Susceptibility to Conventional Antibiotics and Aloe barbadensis. J Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2: 104. Page 3 of 4 J Clin Microbiol Antimicrob, an open access journal Volume 2 • Issue 1 • 1000104 9. Mehdi G, Maryam F, Mehdi A, Sima SS, Reza M (2015) Aloevera gel: (وٴective therapeutic agent against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered from burn wound infections. Chemotherapy Research and Practice 20: 1-5. 10. Sagdic O (2003) Sensitivity of four pathogenic bacteria to turkish thyme and wild marjoram hydrosols. LebensmWiss Technology-Food Science and Technology 36: 467-473. 11. Niranjan K, Sathiyaseelan V, Jeyaseelan EC (2013) Screening for antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of diوٴerent solvent extracts of leafs of Pongamia piñata. Int J Sci Res 3: 1-3. 12. Agarry OO, Olaleye MT, Bello-Micheal CO (2005) Comparative antimicrobial activities of aloe vera extracts and products. Afr J Biotechnol 4: 1413-1414. 13. Etusim P, Okafor E, Nwachukwu N, Melariri P, Ogbonnaya C (2013) A study on antimicrobial activities of aloe vera leaves, stems and roots on some selected organisms. J Biol Sci 5: 52-59. 14. Brady RA, Leid JG, Camper AK, Costerton JW, 6hirtliوٴ ME (2001) ,dentification of Staphylococcus aureus proteins recognized by the antibody-mediated immune response to a biofilm infection. Infection and immunity 74: 3415-3426. 15. Bowler PG (2002) Wound pathophysiology, infection and therapeutic options. Annals of Medicine 34: 419-427.