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A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF BUREAUCRACY IN NIGERIA PUBLIC ENTERPRISE

ABSTRACT

The topic “The impact of Bureaucracy in Nigeria Public Enterprises” was specifically chosen to emphasis and illustrate the extent to which bureaucracy has been efficient and its ineffective in the operation of Nigeria Public Administration.       The study started with the background and definition of the study area and then went down into identifying the past and present trend, of bureaucracy (both Western and Nigerian Bureaucracy) The principles, theoretical and economic factor that influences bureaucratic organizations. It is believed that with a proper understanding of bureaucracy in the operation of Nigerians public enterprises, especially in (PHNC) Power Holding Company of Nigeria seventy will be ensured with will be ensured with a view to achieving efficiency and increase productivity in their services.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1        Background of the Study                                            

1.2        Statement of Problems                                                

1.3        Purpose of the Study                                         

1.4        Research Questions                                                    

1.5        Research Hypotheses                                         

1.6        Significance of the Study                                     

1.7        Scope of the Study                                                    

1.8        Limitation of the Study                                                

1.9        Definition of Terms                                                    

References

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE RENEW

2.1        Introduction                                                              

2.2        Reason for the Establishment of Public Enterprise 

2.3        The Concept of Enterprise                                    

2.4        Features of Public Enterprises                                      

2.5        Characteristics of Bureaucracy                            

2.6        The Need for Bureaucracy                                  

2.7        The Need Deficiencies of Bureaucracy                  

2.8        Threats to Bureaucracy                                              

2.9        The Nigeria Bureaucracy                                             

2.10    The Problems of Nigeria Bureaucracy                   

2.11    The Effect of Inefficiency in Nigeria Public             

2.12    Historical Oversight Enugu Electricity                    

2.13    The Management Team of EEDC                          

2.14    The Organizational Structure of EEDC, Enugu         

2.15    Summary of Literature Review                              

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY                 

3.1        Research Design                                                 

3.2        Area of Study                                                           

3.3        Population of Study                                                     

3.4        Sample and Sampling Technique                           

3.5        Method of Data Collection                                    

3.6        Instruments for  Data Collection                           

3.7        Method of Data Analysis                                             

CHAPTER FOUR

PRESENTATION ANALYSIS

4.1        Data Presentation and Analysis                            

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1        Summary of Findings                                         

5.2        Conclusion                                                         

5.3        Recommendations                                                     

Bibliography

Appendix: Questionnaire

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The National Electric Power Authority which is today known as Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) was established by the NEPA Act of 1872. The Act authorized the merger of the activities of the Niger Dam Authority and the Electricity corporation of Nigeria. The operation object clause is among other things: “to develop and maintain an efficient coordinated and economical system of electricity supply to all parts of the federation or as the Authority may direct and for this purpose”.

        A close scrutiny of PHCN performance over years reveals that the above provision of the Decree are not efficiently observed. It was estimated according to world bank report, that inefficiency in  power sector alone created losses of over US$800 Million annually in Nigeria (World Bank 1794).

        The purpose of a Bureaucracy is to successfully implement the actions of an organization of any size (but often associated with large initiatives such as government corporation and non-governmental organizations), in achieving its purpose and mission, the bureaucracy is tasked to determine how it can achieve its purpose and mission with the greatest possible efficiency and at the least cost of any resources.

        The principle of social organization which characterize the twentieth century industrial society is “rational coordination” otherwise known as “Bureaucracy”. Under this form of organization, people are brought together in formal and complex settings run by professionals and experts. The professionals are called “Bureaucrats” while the organizations they run are known as “Bureaucracies”. The nineteenth century produced a number of brilliantly descriptive and literacy accounts of modern bureaucracies. Many writers call attention to the increasing bureaucratization of human activity but Max Wcber  a German Sociologist historian and economist is credited with having made the most thorough analysis of bureaucracy (Mullins 1999). The main contention in the writings of those scholars is that more and more spheres of life are being dominated by large orgainsations and increasing number of people are becoming employees of complex organization. As a matter of fact, quite a few aspect of medium society can be studied without reference to bureaucracy.

        Most obviously in the business world and in modern establishments, the coordination of specialization in accordance with impersonal rule is highly developed and adopted. The same trend has also been observed to be the pattern in every other areas of the society. Wilmot (1785) and Applebaum and Chamblis (1995) argued that bureaucracy starts from birth (health bureaucracy) to family upbringing (social welfare), to school (educational) to work (civil service, military, commercial, industrial) to worship and death (religion): man is increasingly dominated by bureaucracy. Every sphere of modern life have thus become very bureaucratic as people are born into bureaucracies; grow in it, live with it and even die in it. It is bureaucracy all the way and all the time. Right from the unset of this world, man has co-operatively organized as a group to work towards a directed goal in a directive manner. Indeed the prevalence of complex bureaucracies is believed to be the structural frame work in our recent organizations.

        No less important to mention is the fact these complex organization are established not only to find solution to given human problems but to do efficiently. It is not surprising therefore that in the new turn era, the central concern of several classical society analysis was the issues of how man is going to organize human society in general and more specifically his productive activities in the most efficient way to achieve maximum benefits. Adam Smith (1723-1790) advocated that Economic on industrial matters should be left in the hands of economics or industrial elites and agents i.e (those waste in economic affairs). He was concerned with the problems of organizational productivity. Above all for Max Webber (1864-1920) the essence of bureaucratic organization is efficiency. In other words, the peculiar characteristics of bureaucracy enables men to effectively and efficiently deal with and transform the socio-physical environment. It is at this basis that bureaucratic organization are guided and pirated in man’s bid to perfect and actualize himself through socio-economic development that any impediment to their efficient operation should be incised seriously. Indeed, the fact that Nigerians fought a civil war six years after independence, followed immediately by another six years of unprecedented oil boom in which extreme materialism took over the control of Nigerians mind and total soul, led to the enthronement of indiscipline, corruption and a lot contempt for order honors and excellence within the whole society including the bureaucratic public.

        In the light of this, one sees bureaucracy as a formal-rational organized social structure with clearly defined pattern of activities in which every series of action is fundamentally related. The study therefore centers on PHCN Enugu District in order to determine the extent to which bureaucracy contributed towards the organizational output and inefficiency.

1.2       STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In the recent times, the Nigerian economy has witnessed a steady and rapid decrease in productivity in almost all the areas of the economy, the energy sector inclusive. The preliminary investigations carried out by this research shows that PHCN also experienced similar problems of the steady and rapid decrease in productivity which was due t

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